Income Tax UK: Tax Codes, Allowances, PAYE, Scottish Rates and Reliefs

UK Tax Brackets 2027/28 — Income Tax Bands, NI and Dividend Rates

Every UK tax bracket for 2027/28 in one place. Income tax bands, National Insurance rates, dividend tax rates, Capital Gains Tax, and the personal allowance — confirmed figures for the new tax year.

Tax information is based on HMRC rules for the 2026/27 tax year. Tax rules can change — always verify current rates at GOV.UK. This is not tax advice. Consider consulting a qualified tax adviser for your personal situation.

A complete reference for every UK tax bracket in 2027/28 — income tax, National Insurance, dividends, capital gains, and savings interest.

Last reviewed: May 2026. Figures reflect confirmed frozen thresholds. Any autumn 2026 Budget changes will be updated here when announced.

Income Tax Brackets — 2027/28

England, Wales and Northern Ireland

Band Income range Rate
Personal allowance £0 – £12,570 0%
Basic rate £12,571 – £50,270 20%
Higher rate £50,271 – £125,140 40%
Additional rate £125,141+ 45%

Scotland (2026/27 rates — 2027/28 to be confirmed by Scottish Parliament)

Band Income range Rate
Starter rate £12,571 – £15,397 19%
Basic rate £15,398 – £27,491 20%
Intermediate rate £27,492 – £43,662 21%
Higher rate £43,663 – £75,000 42%
Advanced rate £75,001 – £125,140 45%
Top rate £125,141+ 48%

National Insurance — 2027/28

Employee (Class 1 Primary) Contributions

Earnings Rate
Up to £12,570 0%
£12,571 – £50,270 8%
Over £50,270 2%

Employer (Class 1 Secondary) Contributions

Earnings Rate
Up to £5,000 (secondary threshold) 0%
Over £5,000 15%

Self-Employed

  • Class 4: 6% on profits £12,570–£50,270; 2% above £50,270
  • Class 2: Voluntary (abolished from April 2024 for most; Class 4 entitles to contributory benefits)

Dividend Tax Rates — 2027/28

Band Rate
Within personal allowance 0%
Dividend allowance (first £500 of dividends) 0%
Basic rate band 8.75%
Higher rate band 33.75%
Additional rate 39.35%

Capital Gains Tax — 2027/28

Asset Basic rate Higher/additional rate
All assets (post Oct 2024 rates) 18% 24%
Annual exempt amount £3,000

Savings Interest

Taxpayer Personal Savings Allowance
Basic rate £1,000
Higher rate £500
Additional rate £0

Starting rate for savings: 0% on up to £5,000 (reduced by non-savings income above personal allowance).

Inheritance Tax Thresholds — 2027/28

Threshold Amount
Nil-rate band (individual) £325,000
Residence Nil-Rate Band (individual) £175,000
Potential threshold (individual, with RNRB) £500,000
Potential threshold (couple, full transfer) £1,000,000
IHT rate on excess 40%
Charitable legacy rate 36%

Note: from April 2027, unused pension funds are included in the IHT estate for the first time.

ISA Allowances — 2027/28

ISA type Annual subscription limit
Cash ISA £20,000 (shared across all ISA types)
Stocks and Shares ISA £20,000 (shared)
Lifetime ISA (LISA) £4,000 (within overall £20,000 limit)
Junior ISA (JISA) £9,000 (separate allowance, per child)

The overall ISA allowance of £20,000 applies across all adult ISA types combined.

Effective Combined Tax Rates — 2027/28

For employees in England, Wales and Northern Ireland:

Income Income tax Employee NI Combined effective rate
£20,000 ~3.2% ~3.0% ~6.2%
£30,000 ~9.9% ~4.7% ~14.6%
£40,000 ~14.9% ~6.0% ~20.9%
£50,270 ~19.0% ~7.6% ~26.6%
£60,000 ~24.0% ~5.4% ~29.4%
£80,000 ~30.3% ~4.1% ~34.4%

Approximate figures — exact amounts depend on individual circumstances and tax codes.

Sources

  1. GOV.UK — Income Tax rates
  2. GOV.UK — National Insurance rates
  3. HMRC — Tax statistics